What changes the plan

Location and volume drive the surgical section; the anticoagulant at presentation drives the reversal section; GCS, IVH, and hydrocephalus drive the EVD and ICU lines; and the indication for anticoagulation (atrial fibrillation, mechanical valve, recent VTE) together with the bleed phenotype (deep hypertensive versus lobar/amyloid) drives the resumption line. That last one is where progress notes usually go silent, and it is the question the family and the primary team will ask on day three.

Blood pressure the way the trials did it

The builder writes a smooth target of SBP 130–150 mmHg reached within an hour and held, and it adds a caution when the arrival pressure is very high, because aggressive drops from above 220 were not shown to help and may harm the kidney and the penumbra. It also writes the long-term target — under 130/80 — because controlled blood pressure is the most effective recurrence-prevention measure after ICH.

Prognosis without self-fulfilling prophecy

Every ICH note built here carries a line reminding the team not to place new do-not-resuscitate or comfort-only orders in the first 24–48 hours on the basis of the ICH score alone. The score was derived in cohorts where early withdrawal was common, which is why the guideline asks for full support and reassessment first.

Frequently asked questions

How is the ICH score calculated on this page?

From five inputs: GCS (3 to 4 scores 2, 5 to 12 scores 1), hematoma volume 30 mL or more (1), intraventricular extension (1), infratentorial origin (1), and age 80 or older (1). The builder writes the total and the original cohort's 30-day mortality band, with a caution about interpretation.

Why does the plan say not to transfuse platelets for an aspirin-associated bleed?

The PATCH trial found platelet transfusion for antiplatelet-associated ICH was associated with worse outcomes, so guidelines advise against it unless a neurosurgical procedure is planned. The builder writes that line and offers desmopressin as an option to consider.

When can anticoagulation restart after ICH?

The builder writes a phenotype-based answer: for a deep hypertensive bleed with controlled blood pressure, reconsider a DOAC at roughly four to eight weeks after repeat imaging; for lobar or amyloid-related bleeds, resumption is generally avoided or deferred and left atrial appendage occlusion is raised for AF; mechanical valves need earlier multidisciplinary decisions.

References

  1. Greenberg SM, et al. 2022 guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2022;53:e282–e361.
  2. Anderson CS, et al. INTERACT2. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:2355–2365. · Qureshi AI, et al. ATACH-2. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1033–1043.
  3. Baharoglu MI, et al. Platelet transfusion versus standard care after acute stroke due to spontaneous cerebral haemorrhage associated with antiplatelet therapy (PATCH). Lancet. 2016;387:2605–2613.
  4. Pradilla G, et al. Trial of early minimally invasive removal of intracerebral hemorrhage (ENRICH). N Engl J Med. 2024;390:1277–1289.
  5. Hemphill JC, et al. The ICH score: a simple, reliable grading scale for intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2001;32:891–897.